Selfish Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Selfish Edna Pontellier in The Awakening   Could the actions of Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopins novella The Awakening ever be justified? This question could be argued from two different perspectives. The social view of The Awakening would accuse Edna Pontellier of being selfish and unjustified in her actions. Yet, in impairment of the storys romanticism, Edna was in many ship canal an admirable character. She liberated herself from her restraints and achieved nearly all that she desired. Chopin could have written this novel to glorify a woman in gross out against conventions of the period. Yet, since the social standpoint is more factual and straightforward, it is the basis of this paper. Therefore, no, her affairs, treatment of her family and lovers, and suicide were completely unwarranted. She was not denied love or support by any of those nigh(a) to her. Ultimately Edna Pontellier was simply selfish.   A typically assumed reason for having an affair is tha t the persons spouse is, in some way, unsatisfactory. Perhaps by their affair, they are searching for a better source of love. This, however, was not a justifiable cause for Ednas adultery. Mr. Pontellier was a loving husband who tried to show his love for Edna in all of the ways he was able. Léonce showered his wife with valuable gifts. His life revolved around money, and he knew no other way to show his wife how much(prenominal) he loved her. He attempted to compensate Mrs. Pontellier materialistically for the lack of emotional support. While this may not be an ideal solution to the problem, it cannot be denied that Mr. Pontellier was trying to diminish the problems between them. Yet, even though it is understandable that she is upset that her husband lacks family skills, getting married was solely Ednas fault. The history of their relationship is far from perfect. Chopin states her trades union to Léonce Pontellier was purely an accident... He fell in l ove...and pressed his suit with an earnestness and an ardor which left nothing to be desired. He lucky her his absolute devotion flattered her (18). Edna was not fair to him when she married him without loving him. She grew fond of her husband (18), but fondness is not a good reason for marriage.

Queen Elizabeth the First Essay -- essays research papers

Queen Elizabeth 1 The reign of Queen Elizabeth I is often referred to as "The Golden Age" of English history. Elizabeth was an immensely habitual Queen, and her popularity has waned little with the passing of four hundred years. She is still one of the best-loved monarchs, and one of the more or less admired rulers of all time. She became a legend in her own lifetime, known for her remarkable abilities and achievements. Yet, about Elizabeth the woman, we know very little. She is an enigma, and was an enigma to her own people. Elizabeth was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. She was born on 7 phratry 1533 at Greenwich Palace. Her birth was possibly the greatest disappointment of her fathers life. He had wanted a son and heir to succeed him as he already had a daughter, Mary, by his first wife, Katherine of Aragon. He had not divorced Katherine, and changed the religion of the country in the process, to have only another daughter. Elizabeths early life was consequently troubled. Her fetch failed to provide the King with a son and was executed on false charges of incest and adultery on 19 May 1536. Her marriage to the King was declared unprofitable and void, and Elizabeth, like her half-sister, Mary, was declared illegitimate and deprived of her place in the line of duration. The next eight years of her life saw a quick succession of stepmothers. There was Jane Seymour who died giving birth to the Kings longed for son, Edward Anne of Cleves who was divorced Catherine Howard who was beheaded and finally Catherine Parr. For generations, historians have debated whether the constant bride changing of her father was responsible for Elizabeths apparent refusal to marry. It is certainly possible that the tragical fates of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard impressed upon her a certain fear of marriage, notwithstanding there may have been other reasons for the Queens single state, such as a fear of childbirth, which claimed t he lives of a significant number of women in this period. Even if the Queen had no personal reservations about marriage, there were political problems with almost every contender for her hand. Religion was a major divisive issue, and there was also the problem of whether Elizabeth would have to relinquish any of her royal powers to a husband in an age when the political force field was exclusively male. As a child, Elizabeth wa... ... claim the English tin for himself and not for her. In the summer of 1588 he sent his mighty fleet against England. But by superior tactics, ship design, and sheer good fortune, the English defeated them. Elizabeths popularity reached its zenith. It was also another personal triumph as she had proved that she, a woman, could lead in war as well as any man. Elizabeth was dedicated to her country in a way few monarchs had been or have been since. Elizabeth had the mind of a political genius and nurtured her country through careful leadership and by cho osing capable men to assist her, such as Sir William Cecil and Sir Francis Walsingham. Elizabeth was a determined woman, but she was not obstinate. She listened to the advice of those around her, and would change a policy if it were unpopular. In appearance she was extravagant, in behavior sometimes flippant and frivolous, but her approach to politics was serious, conservative, and cautious. When she ascended the throne in 1558, England was an impoverished country torn apart by religious squabbles. When she died at Richmond Palace on the 24th March 1603, England was one of the most powerful and prosperous countries in the world.

Options for Financing the Purchase of a Website :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Options for Financing the Purchase of a WebsiteReprinted with permission of VotanWeb.comFinancing a website purchase, or getting cash for a cut back payment hatful take many forms. Hopefully the plectrums listed below result give you some ideas where you can palpate the money to steal a websiteCredit Cards - many buyers these days are tapping their credit cards for their down payment to buy a website. The downside of this option is that if you are getting an SBA loan to buy a website, they wont let you use a credit card/loan borrowed money for the down payment. Other than that this option works for many since there is no waiting for the money or cumbersome approval process.SBA Loans umteen websites today are purchased with 7(a) SBA loans. on that point are conditions however in getting one to buy a website. You still have to put down between 15%-30% depending on the lender, you essential have good or excellent credit, and the website has to have sufficient cash flow to sup port the debt service of the loan. The loans are typically 10 years in duration and 2-3 points above the prime interest rate. The process of getting an SBA loan to buy a website can be a tedious one and can take one month to six months to complete/fund.Home Equity With home equity growing rapidly, many buyers utilize these funds to either buy a website or utilize it for a down payment. Lenders are eager to give go forth home equity loans. Loans can usually be secured sooner rapidly, but plan ahead and move quickly so you dont miss out on any great websites that come out on the market for sale.Owner Financing This form of financing is only applicable we=hen you have a willing website owner. Usually the buyer will put down 40 to 60% (utilizing one of the methods above), and the owner will carry back a note for a duration of usually 2 to five years. Interest rates vary but they usually will be higher than banks or commercial resources. Sometime there will be combo financing with th e owner taking back a partial note and the rest of the financing will come from the above resources.Retirement Plans Many buyers have built up sizeable amounts in their work 401(k) plans. There is a way to tap this money tax free put it into a special trust that then buys the website for you.

Interview Follow Up or Thank You Letter :: Interview Follow Up Thank You Letters

Kara Kreme1234 Tennis CourtSports, CA 95616(530) 765-4321kkremeemail.eduMarch 1, 2001Ms. Kristi Krispy, CoordinatorThe Internship and Career CenterUniversity of Somewhere whiz Chance AvenueSports, CA 95616Dear Ms. Krispy,Thank you for the opportunity to interview for the mystify of Student Advisor this afternoon, Friday, March 1, 2001. It strengthened my interest in the position and reinforced my confidence in my ability to excel should I be selected for the position.My experience working with fellow Somewhere students, organizational skills, and work ethic would hit students visiting the ICY, and would allow me to grow professionally. My position as a Resident Advisor in Dasher Hall provides me with outstanding training. As we discussed in todays interview, selection is a very personal issue for most students. As an RA, I am often praised for my ability to work with residents on issues that require sensitivity. I am fortunate to balance my strong people skills with strong organiza tional skills.I realize that during the interview I may not have punctuate my administrative abilities as fully as I would have liked. Thanks to my summer job with LK&N, I have extensive experience meeting deadlines, maintaining records, and generating reports. In fact, the database I am most familiar with is ACCESS, the program used by ICY Student Advisors. I trust that my ability to perform the job give be evident if you talk with Resident Director Donna Donalds, my supervisor at Somewhere Housing. To verify my administrative skills I encourage you to contact Megan Megster, Customer Records, LK&N, at (999) 454-5454. Her name is not on the Reference Sheet I left with you at the conclusion of the interview.In closing, I would like to restate my interest in the Student Advisor position with the Somewhere Internship and Career Center for the 2001-2002 academic year.

Navigation :: Geography History Navigation Essays

Navigation Early Explorers such as Christopher Columbus and Magellan relied on landmarks for early navigation, which could result in serious miscalculations. Later explorers discover they could social occasion the stars as their primary choice for navigation. As technology increased the compass and sextant were utilise in navigation purposes. The needle of a compass always pointed north, plot the sextant used adjustable mirrors to measure angles of the moon and stars. The sextant could only calculate latitude so a device called the chronometer was later invented by John Harrison to compute longitude. The sextant and chronometer were used together to compute measures of longitude and latitude. In the early 20th century many radio-based navigation systems were developed. However these radio based systems were either accurate or covered a large area of space, but not both. Scientists then decided that the only way to cover the entire world was to put high oftenness radio syst ems in space, hence the idea of GPS or global positioning systems was born. GPS was funded and founded by the Department of Defense. The Departmemet of Defense also take ins GPS. The scratch GPS sa separateite was launched in 1978. The first ten satellites were called block I satellites. From 1989 to 1993, 23 production satellites called Block II were launched. The last satellite was launched in 1994 completing the system. From this point on with a GPS recipient role costing only a few hundred dollars you could constantly learn your location on the planet.GPS is the only system available today that will tell someone their exact position on Earth at any given time in any type of weather. There are 24 satellites in all, which orbit about 11,000 nautical miles above the earth. The satellites are monitored by ground stations located around the world and undersurface transmit signals that can be detected by anyone with a GPS receiver. Using this receiver you can determine yo ur position on Earth with great accuracy. GPS satellites consist of 3 segments space, control and user. The space segment consists of the 24 satellites in six orbital planes(four satellites in each plain). Each satellite repeats the same 12-hour orbit, but appears four minutes primarily each day. Each satellite orbits at 55 degrees in respect to the equatorial plane with a 12-hour period to orbit the earth.

Navigation :: Geography History Navigation Essays

Navigation Early Explorers such as Christopher Columbus and Magellan relied on landmarks for early navigation, which could result in serious miscalculations. Later explorers discover they could use the stars as their primary choice for navigation. As technology increased the compass and sextant were used in navigation purposes. The needle of a compass incessantly pointed north, while the sextant used adjustable mirrors to measure angles of the moon and stars. The sextant could only calculate latitude so a device called the chronometer was later invented by John Harrison to code longitude. The sextant and chronometer were used together to compute measures of longitude and latitude. In the early 20th century many radio-based navigation systems were developed. However these radio based systems were either accurate or covered a large ara of space, but not both. Scientists then decided that the only way to cover the entire world was to put gamy frequency radio systems in space , hence the idea of GPS or global positioning systems was born. GPS was funded and founded by the Department of Defense. The Departmemet of Defense also controls GPS. The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978. The first ten satellites were called block I satellites. From 1989 to 1993, 23 production satellites called Block II were launched. The last satellite was launched in 1994 completing the system. From this point on with a GPS receiver costing only a few hundred dollars you could constantly learn your location on the planet.GPS is the only system available today that lead tell someone their exact position on Earth at any given time in any type of weather. There are 24 satellites in all, which orbit about 11,000 nautical miles above the earth. The satellites are monitored by ground stations located around the world and can send off signals that can be detected by anyone with a GPS receiver. Using this receiver you can determine your position on Earth with great accu racy. GPS satellites consist of 3 segments space, control and user. The space segment consists of the 24 satellites in six orbital planes(four satellites in each plain). Each satellite repeats the same 12-hour orbit, but appears four proceedings earlier each day. Each satellite orbits at 55 degrees in respect to the equatorial plane with a 12-hour period to orbit the earth.

Clarkson Lumber Case Study

CLARKSON LUMBER chance STUDY B RADY CLIFFORD DAN HORTON EMIL HYMAS Y RICH WILKINSON EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Clarkson timberland Company, pose by Mr. Keith Clarkson, has been in business for 15 years and currently has 15 employees. Firms who live worked with Clarkson speak very highly of him, saying that he is conservative and his operational expenses are low. The friendships revenues are projected to continue to grow. Recently, Clarkson pounds accounts pay sufficient and notes payable have change magnitude significantly.The keep union has not been able to take advantage of betray discounts in recent years beca exercise of lack of funds and because of investments due to the conjunctions growth. While Clarkson Lumber has been increasingly productive in recent years, the company has instal the need for surplus backing. Clarksons current bank pass on not provide more than $399,000 in support without a personal guarantee. Clarkson is hoping to secure more financing in or der to improve profitability by taking full advantage of manage discounts. The company is working with Northrup National Bank to possibly secure a larger loan up to $750,000.Northrups credit department is currently investigating Clarkson Lumber to see if the firm qualifies for this additional financing. Our team has identified several key smothers with Clarkson Lumbers current financial situation. The companys over-arching financial issue is change flow. Clarkson is borrowing too much to make up for a cash flow shortage. Clarksons accounts receivable is increasing and the company is still victimisation a 2% accounts payable discount, which is contributing to the lack of available cash. The cash flow that the company does have is being used inefficiently as the sources of cash comes from financing.Thus, Clarkson Lumber is growing at an unsustainable pace and is too reliant on short-term financing. Even if Clarkson receives the $750,000 from Northrup, the company pass on eventual ly be bankrupt if it does not curtail its growth rate. We recommend that the company utilize more long-term debt instead of short-term debt. Long-term financing will require smaller payments at lower interest rates, which will increase CLARKSON LUMBER shield STUDY FINAN 6022-002 PAGE 1 Clarksons cash flow. Clarkson may benefit from reducing strain by increasing sales or reducing inventory growth.Another option would be to lower costs by negotiating cheaper prices with suppliers. Both options will increase the companys cash flow. Finally, we recommend increasing accounts receivable turnover. With an increase in account receivable turnover, Clarkson will experience quicker collections and will not have to pay as much in pay charges, again leading to additional cash flow. ANALYSIS The approval process for the loan from Northrup National Bank, needed that investigators be sent to research Mr. Clarkson and his company. The investigation pointed out a few important financial aspects of the company that are worth mentioning.In 1994, Mr. Clarkson bought out the other company partner for $200,000. This amount was to be paid off in 1995 and 1996 using semi-annual payments at an interest rate of 11%. From 1993 to 1995, net sales volume for CLC has change magnitude from 2. 9 cardinal to just over 4. 5 million. After yield profits for the same years also increase from $60,000 in 1993 to $77,000 in 1995 (see prove 1). The investigation also paid special attention the debt position and current ratio of CLC. It was reported that sales are expected to reach $5. 5 million in 1996 and could be more if the prices of lumber rise.Despite these profits, there was a shortage in cash which lead to an increase in borrowing. In order to run within the borrowing limits set by Suburban Nation Bank, a lot of borrowing was being done through trade credits. In 1995 and 1996 this trade debt was rapidly increasing and was creating some concern. If the market is struggling then trade credit is normally not recommended however, for CLC the trade credit was a short put for long term problem. Even with the growing trade debt, CLC still was comparable to the overall percentages of other lumber outlets (see Exhibit 3).It is also important to recognize detail ratios related to the company. The current ratio, which is helpful in understanding asset liquidity or inefficient use of cash flow, decreased from 2. 5 in 1993 to 1. 1 in 1995. High-profit companies have a current CLARKSON LUMBER cutting STUDY FINAN 6022-002 PAGE 2 ratio of 2. 52. ROE for Clarkson Lumber remains relatively staunch it increased from 1993 to 1994 but decreased to 17. 1% in 1995. This ROE is only slightly lower than the ROE for high-profit companies which is at 22. 1%. After reviewing Clarkson Lumbers financial situation, several key issues became apparent.First, the company is clearly growing at an unsustainable rate. Exhibit 3 (various statistical ratios), shows the mediocre internal growt h rate of the company at 6. 06% and the average out sustainable growth rate at 15. 78%. However, over the three full years analyzed, the company has an average growth bound of 24. 5% and an average asset growth margin of 33. 69%. This continues in the forecasted 1996 year as the company is projected to increase revenue by virtually 21. 7%. At the companys current level, it cannot continue to support its current growth rate going forward and will require more debt to finance this growth.Therefore, the company seems to be overly reliant on short term financing for its operations. As seen in Exhibit 5, the company projects to have $5. 5M, with close other accounts are based on the historical averages. Exhibit 5 also shows that Clarkson would need between $971K or $696K of external financing. Another issue found dealt with the companys cash flow (see Exhibit 4). When the company generates net income, it is immediately engulfed in two areas the increase in accounts receivable, which increased from $306K to $411K to $606K from 1993 to 1995, and inventory, which also increased from $337K to $432K to $587K during those years.Due to these increases, and despite rising the liability accounts of notes payable from trade and accrued expenses, the company had negative cash flow from operations and needed external financing to bargain for its fixed assets and pay down the debt they already had (again see Exhibit 4). Although having negative cash flows from operations is not necessarily bad in the short run, if this hack continues, it provides no long term benefit for the company. Thus, we found that the company cannot continue to allow its accounts receivable and inventory to increase at the same rate.CLARKSON LUMBER discipline STUDY FINAN 6022-002 PAGE 3 The final issue we noticed was the accounts payable 2% discount. Clarkson was offered a discount if it pays off its payables to its suppliers within ten twenty-four hourss. Even though there is value here, Mr. Cl arkson said the company has taken few purchase discounts in recent years. Exhibit 3 attests to this as the company pays its suppliers on an average of 38 days. If the company used this discount on its financial projections, it would receive a purchase discount of $86K to add to its operating income.However, the trade-off is that Clarkson will have a significantly lower amount in accounts payable and will need financing to pay down these payables in order to obtain the discounts. If the company does not proceed with the discount, it will experience significantly lower net income, but will not need as much external financing. RECOMMENDATIONS unmatched of our preferred good words for the company would be to replace some, or all, of the short term debt with a long term note. If the company used the amount of the external financing, about $975K, at 6% for 10 years, Clarkson will pay $130K a year.At 15 years, the company will be paying $99K a year. Or the company could use half of the external financing amount, roughly $488K, at those same terms and pay $65K or $49K for ten years or fifteen years, respectively. These numbers express that by replacing short-term debt with long-term debt, Clarkson will be making smaller payments at a lower interest rate, freeing up additional cash flow. Another way Clarkson can increase their cash flow is by decreasing the accounts receivable period.In Exhibit 3, we can see that on average the company takes 39 days to collect from accounts receivable and the company has a cash bout of 55 days, meaning there is a 55 day delay between paying for inventory and collecting the sale. Thus, we recommend that the company use a stricter policy for collections for its customers. For example, if Clarkson could require payments in 30 days, their cash cycle drops to 45 days. By decreasing the accounts receivable period, the company can collect cash more quickly and will pay less in finance CLARKSON LUMBER CASE STUDY FINAN 6022-002 PAGE 4 ha rges. The cash collected from accounts receivable can then be used to manage accounts payable. Our next recommendation is based on Clarksons need to increase the amount of cash available, thus capitalizing on growth opportunities. From 1993-1995, the companys need for increased financing despite profitability comes from Mr. Clarksons buyout of Holtzs share of the company, as well as the increase in inventory and accounts receivable as explained above. It is important for Clarkson Lumber to have access to larger amounts of cash to support its growth in the short and long term.Clarksons current success is due to the ability to deal on price thus a large growth opportunity exists if they can continue to use trade discounts. If the company can use trade discounts, they will receive a purchase discount of around $86K added to income. The trade-off comes from the company having significantly lower accounts payable. In the long run the company will clearly need the additional credit, show n by the internal growth rate of 6. 1% and a projected sales growth of 21. 7%.The company will also need to alter the equity/debt ratio due to the projected growth rate of sales in 1996 which is greater than their sustainable growth rate of 15. 8%. Clarkson Lumber will potentially start producing positive free cash flows, as long as their growth rate stabilizes at a more reasonable rate. Our recommendations are aimed at producing positive free cash flows sooner, and the increase in quantity discounts will lower the cost of goods of sold and start-off the financial obligations. If the $750,000 line of credit is extended by Northrup Bank, then debt and interest expenses will increase.This creates even more of a necessity to apply the increase in available credit in such a way that will reduce costs. CLARKSON LUMBER CASE STUDY FINAN 6022-002 PAGE 5 EXHIBIT 1 CLARKSON LUMBER COMPANY INCOME STATEMENT 1993 earnings gross revenue COGS BEGINNING enumeration PURCHASES ENDING INVENTORY numerate COGS vulgar PROFIT OPERATING disbursementS EBIT INTEREST EXPENSE NET INCOME BEFORE TAXES readying FOR TAXES NET INCOME 1994 1995 1ST QTR 1996 $2,921 $3,477 $4,519 $1,062 $330 $2,209 $2,539 $337 $2,202 $337 $2,729 $3,066 $432 $2,634 $432 $3,579 $4,011 $587 $3,424 $587 $819 $1,406 $607 $799 $719 $622 $97 $23 $74 $14 $60 $843 $717 126 $42 $84 $16 $68 $1,095 $940 $one hundred fifty-five $56 $99 $22 $77 $263 $244 $19 $13 $6 $1 $5 CLARKSON LUMBER CASE STUDY FINAN 6022-002 APPENDIX EXHIBIT 2 CLARKSON LUMBER COMPANY BALANCE SHEET 1993 1994 1995 1ST QTR 1996 CASH ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET INVENTORY CURRENT ASSETS stock-still ASSETS impart ASSETS $43 $306 $337 $686 $233 $919 $52 $411 $432 $895 $262 $1,157 $56 $606 $587 $1,249 $388 $1,637 $53 $583 $607 $1,243 $384 $1,627 NOTES PAYABLE, BANK NOTE PAYABLE TO HOLTZ (CPLTD) NOTES PAYABLE, TRADE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE ACCRUED EXPENSES TERM LOAN, CURRENT PORTION CURRENT LIABILITIES TERM LOAN NOTE PAYABLE TO HOLTZ TOTAL LIABILITIESNET cost $0 $0 $0 $213 $42 $20 $275 $140 $0 $415 $504 $60 $ ascorbic acid $0 $340 $45 $20 $565 $120 $100 $785 $372 $390 $100 $127 $376 $75 $20 $1,088 $100 $0 $1,188 $449 $399 $100 $123 $364 $67 $20 $1,073 $100 $0 $1,173 $454 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET WORTH $919 $1,157 $1,637 $1,627 CLARKSON LUMBER CASE STUDY FINAN 6022-002 APPENDIX EXHIBIT 3 1993 1994 1995 AVERAGE LOW PROFIT OUTLETS HIGH PROFIT OUTLETS COGS OPERATING EXPENSE CASH ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE INVENTORY FIXED ASSETS TOTAL ASSETS PURCHASES 75. 39% 21. 29% 1. 47% 10. 48% 11. 54% 7. 98% 31. 46% 75. 62% 75. 75% 20. 62% 1. 50% 11. 82% 12. 42% 7. 54% 33. 28% 78. 49% 5. 77% 20. 80% 1. 24% 13. 41% 12. 99% 8. 59% 36. 22% 79. 20% 75. 64% 20. 91% 1. 40% 11. 90% 12. 32% 8. 03% 33. 65% 77. 77% 76. 9% 22. 0% 1. 3% 13. 7% 12. 0% 12. 1% 39. 1% 75. 1% 20. 6% 1. 1% 12. 4% 11. 6% 9. 2% 34. 3% PERCENT OF TOTAL ASSETS CURRENT LIABILITIES LONG-TERM LIABILITIES EQUITY 9. 41% 4. 79% 17. 25% 16. 25% 6. 33% 10. 70% 24. 08% 2. 21% 9. 94% 16. 58% 4. 44% 12. 63% 52. 7% 34. 8% 12. 5% 29. 2% 16. 0% .54. 8 CURRENT RATIO RETURN ON SALES RETURN ON ASSETS RETURN ON EQUITY 2. 49 3. 32% 6. 53% 11. 90% 1. 58 3. 62% 5. 88% 18. 28% 1. 15 3. 43% 4. 70% 17. 15% 1. 74 3. 46% 5. 70% 15. 78% 1. 31 -0. 70% 1. 80% -14. 30% 2. 52 4. 30% 12. 20% 22. 10% 6. 85 53. 28 9. 70 37. 63 9. 53 38. 32 90. 91 52. 60 6. 72 54. 31 8. 89 41. 07 9. 56 38. 16 95. 38 57. 22 6. 79 53. 80 9. 29 39. 35 9. 55 38. 24 93. 15 54. 91 6. 24% 18. 28% 19. 03% 25. 90% 4. 94% 17. 15% 29. 97% 41. 49% 6. 06% 15. 78% 24. 50% 33. 69% PERCENT OF SALES INVENTORY TURNOVER (AVG) INVENTORY PERIOD RECEIVABLES TURNOVER RECEIVABLES PERIOD PAYABLES TURNOVER PAYABLES PERIOD OPERATING CYCLE CASH CYCLE inner GROWTH RATE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH RATE ACTUAL GROWTH MARGIN ASSET GROWTH MARGIN 6. 98% 11. 90% CLARKSON LUMBER CASE STUDY FINAN 6022-002 APPENDIXEXHIBIT 4 CASH FLOWS FOR CLARKSON 1994 1995 1993 T0 1995 $68 ($105) ($95) $127 $3 $77 ($195) ($155) $163 $30 $145 ($300) ($250) $290 $33 CASH FROM trading o perations ($2) ($80) ($82) SOURCE OF CASH CASH FROM OPERATIONS CASH FROM BANK LOANS SOURCES OF CASH ($2) 60 $58 ($80) 330 $250 ($82) 390 $308 $29 $20 $49 $126 $20 $100 $246 $155 $40 $100 $295 $9 $4 $13 CASH FROM OPERATIONS NET INCOME CHANGE IN A/R CHANGE IN INVENTORY CHANGE IN N/P TRADE CHANGE IN ACCRUED EXP. USE OF CASH FIXED ASSETS CPLTD HOLTZ LOAN USE OF CASH CHANGE IN CASH CLARKSON LUMBER CASE STUDY FINAN 6022-002 APPENDIX EXHIBIT 5CLARKSON LUMBER COMPANY FORECASTS PROJECTED INCOME STATEMENT WITH PURCHASE DISCOUNT PROJECTED INCOME STATEMENT WITHOUR PURCHASE DISCOUNT 1996 NET SALES COGS BEGINNING INVENTORY PURCHASES* 1996 $5,500 ENDING INVENTORY TOTAL COGS** $587 $4,279 $4,866 $708 $4,158 GROSS PROFIT OPERATING EXPENSES*** EBIT PURCHASE DISCOUNT**** INTEREST EXPENSE***** NET INCOME BEFORE TAXES PROVISION FOR TAXES NET INCOME NET SALES COGS BEGINNING INVENTORY PURCHASES $1,342 $1,150 $192 $86 $93 $185 $55 $130 ENDING INVENTORY TOTAL COGS 1996 ASSETS CASH A/R, NET INVENTORY CURR ENT ASSETS FIXED ASSETS TOTAL ASSETS 1996 LIABILITIESA/P (10 Days of Purchases) ACCRUED EXP. (1. 5% of Sales) CPLTD BANK NOTE PAYABLE (PLUG) CURRENT LIABILITIES LT DEBT TOTAL LIABILITIES NET WORTH TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET WORTH $1,342 $1,150 $192 $93 $99 $41 $58 PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET $77 $655 708 $1,440 $411 $1,851 $587 $4,279 $4,866 $708 $4,158 GROSS PROFIT OPERATING EXPENSES EBIT INTEREST EXPENSE NET INCOME BEFORE TAXES PROVISION FOR TAXES NET INCOME * Purchases based on average percentage of Sales (77. 8%) ** issue forth COGS based on average percentage of Sales (75. 6%) *** Operating Costs based on average percentage of Sales (20. 1%) **** 2% Discount on Purchases of $4,277 ***** 11% on the LOC and 10% on Term Loan ASSETS CASH (1. 4% of Sales) A/R NET (11. 9% of Sales) INVENTORY CURRENT ASSETS FIXED ASSETS* TOTAL ASSETS $5,500 $117 $83 $20 $972 $1,192 80 $1,272 $579 $1,851 0. 075 77 655 708 1440 411 1851 LIABILITIES A/P ACCRUED EXP. CPLTD BANK NOTE PA YABLE (PLUG) CURRENT LIABILITIES LT DEBT TOTAL LIABILITIES NET WORTH $465 83 20 $696 $1,264 80 $1,344 $507 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET WORTH $1,851 * I used the average total assets of sales percentage and O.K. into Fixed Assets CLARKSON LUMBER CASE STUDY FINAN 6022-002 APPENDIX

Can We Talk Essay

The article Can We Talk? Researcher Talks About the habit of Communication in Happy Marriages gives us results as related to couples in marriages. In todays society, many couples are too busy to stop, stick down, and collect a meaningful conversation with their signifi rout outt others. Terri Orbach, research scientist at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan, has studied 373 married couples for more than 20 years. We will examine the findings and explore some of the roles of communication in happy marriages.After reading the text and the required article, I became more aware of what self-disclosure is and how it burn affect relationships. Self-disclosure is defined as sharing aspects of yourself with other people. This can be a form of showing your true colors. Sharing areas of yourself that may have been misconceived, showing interest in others, and being more involved are ways that you can open up and form close bonds. In marriages, you wear down tha t couples are already in-the-know about their mate. But this sometimes can be a part of a learning process in the relationship.I can relate to the article because I often find myself at a loss for words. I have been in a few relationships that were on contrastive types of levels professional, informal and social. Within each of these relationships, there were limited sharing on my part. I would agree that self-disclosure is important in a relationship because it allows you to recognize issues and feelings, and too can help you learn something about self that was unknown. Effective communication promotes a sense of trust, that holds marriages together.Orbach states that by using her 10-minute rule, couples have a good kickoff point to reconnect with each other. Just 10 minutes to talk about the interests of your mate, areas of conflict, or even about the job made many marriages happier. Because men and women pronounce themselves differently, gender does have a role in communicati on in relationships. Many believe that some behaviors are masculine and others are feminine. It is often deter for men to cry, they are taught to be strong and heroic, while women are allowed to show emotions openly.

The Effects Of Reciprocal Teaching On English Language Education Essay

This reappraisal of the literature is separated into subdivisions get downing with vernacular financial statement and the current research. The surveies for joint nurture are reviewed harmonizing to their research design ( e.g. , meta-analysis, stem designs, qualitative designs, and single-subject designs ) . Part of this subdivision includes a reappraisal of the mutual instruction supervise scheme as it relates to current surveies. Subsequently there is a sum-up of the unwritten linguistic communion evolution in English Language Learners ( ELLs ) .With a bit figure of immigrants from assorted states, Miami Dade County Public Schools ( M-DCPS ) is a runing pot of ELLs. M-DCPS is besides the second-largest minority public school territory in the state. These learners are expected to execute at the same degrees as their equals on the Standardized Achievement Test, Tenth Edition ( SAT-10 ) regardless of their appreciation of the English linguistic communication. With the curre nt move into answerability and pupil accomplishment, instructors are obliged to happen schemes to help the ELLs in increasing non merely diction, but besides strikeing perception.ELL pupils need to understand the reading strategies non merely to go through the SAT-10 and progress to the following class degree but besides to construe school textual matter in the existent universe. In order for pupils to efficaciously implement the reading schemes, they must be actively engaged in the activities that are represented to them. The instructor must supply a huge sum of chances crossways all capable affair and convey in illustration from their day-to-day lives every bit good. If the pupil continues to pull strings the assorted passages/text, so their intelligence accomplishments will increase and in bend will accomplish higher tonss in the SAT-10.Reciprocal TeachingResearch workers in a figure of surveies have taxonomicalally found that mutual instruction is an effectual manner to increase pupil comprehension. Relatively small is known about the issues of how multiple schemes can, and should, be combined in comprehension commission ( Brunstein & A Kieschke, Sporer 2009 ) . Reciprocal instruction ( RT ) is an instructional process developed by Palincsar and Brown ( 1984 ) to better pupils text comprehension accomplishments through scaffold direction of iv comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring schemes ( Palincsar & A Brown, 1984 Palincsar, David, & A Brown, 1989 Rosenshine & A Meister, 1994 ) , that is, ( a ) bring forthing one s ain inquiries, ( B ) sum uping parts of the text, ( degree Celsius ) clear uping word significances and self-contradictory text transformations, and ( vitamin D ) foretelling what might come next in the text ( Brunstein & A Kieschke, Sporer 2009 ) . The instructor could so supply counsel and feedback at the subdue degree for each pupil. Theories of comprehension suggests that active eruditeness from text m ust affect a flexible repertory of comprehension-fostering and monitoring activities ( Alfassi, 1998 ) . Explicit direction in comprehension-enhancing activities appears particularly important for the novice reader and the academically delayed pupil ( Alfassi, 1998 ) .Meta-AnalysisIn order to look into the potency of mutual nurture two meta-analyses have been conducted. Meister and Rosenshine ( 1994 ) provided the firstly analysis of the examine. After placing 16 published and unpolished surveies related to mutual instruction, they conclude that teacher-made appraisals had a greater consequence on reading comprehension kinda than standardised trial. In general, Meister and Rosenshine and ( 1994 ) found that when the four schemes ( i.e. , oppugning, sum uping, clear uping, and foretelling ) were explicitly taught before prosecuting in the mutual instruction processs pupils comprehension abilities increased much than when the schemes were taught as the mutual instruction inte rposition was in procedure.In an unpublished thesis by Galloway ( 2003 ) , an extended reappraisal of the current literature on mutual instruction was conducted utilizing traditional meta-analysis. The research worker found moderate consequence sizes for intercessions utilizing mutual instruction. The important differences between teacher-made trials and norm-referenced trials found by Meister and Rosenshine ( 1994 ) were non found by Galloway ( 2003 ) . Galloway concluded there still is a demand to document in the literature the execution of the mutual instruction process. Both of the meta-analytic surveies described provide support for the effectivity of mutual instruction. Sample size and the fidelity to which the mutual instruction intercession was implemented remain a restriction.Group DesignsLysynchuk, Pressly, and Vye ( 1990 ) studied how mutual instruction improves the reading comprehension public presentation of hapless readers. In this survey, 72 four and rate seven pupils in Canada participated in 13 Sessionss of mutual learning reading intercession reading direction. Of the 72 pupils, 36 were assigned to the mutual instruction intercession, enchantment the others worked in little groups, with the instructor offering aid if needed in decrypting and transition apprehension. Thirteen Sessionss were administered to some(prenominal) groups, with day-to-day dependent steps being taken ( i.e. , reciting and inquiries ) , every bit good as pre and station standardised reading steps. For both informal and formal appraisals, the reading comprehension of the experimental group of hapless decipherers was higher than the control group of hapless decipherers. No betterments were seen on vocabulary acquisition and care in either group.Klinger and Vaughn ( 1996 ) used mutual instruction as an intercession for hapless decipherers with larning disablements ( LD ) , but who were besides ELL at the in-between school degree. This survey concluded that mutual learning intercession appeared to better the reading comprehension of pupils with LD/ELL and supported mold and societal interaction as agencies to larning as proposed by Vygotsky ( Schunk, 2004 ) .Qualitative DesignsThe function of qualitative research methods lend themselves good in the probe of jobs where engagement, observation, and enquiry of intending are of involvement ( Shank, 2006 ) . In a survey conducted by Hacker and Tenent ( 2002 ) instructors constructed their light of mutual instruction ( based on Hashey & A Jimmy conorss, 2003 ) as they implemented the intercession. The survey lasted 3 old ages and 17 instructors from two simple schools were followed. entropy was collected based on patterns and alterations of mutual instruction in order for them to develop a theory on how to implement the intercession efficaciously in the schoolroom. The three elements of mutual instruction that were examined scheme usage, profusion of duologue, and scaffold direction. The chief issue th e instructors encountered with the pupils was in duologue in which they felt it was superficial and non rich this goal was besides supported by Whitehead s ( 2002 ) probe of guided reading intercession. Hashey and Connors ( 2003 ) besides suggest that pupils benefit from mutual learning beginning in the 3rd class because of their experience with decrypting accomplishments.Single-Subject DesignsPalincsar, David, and Brown ( 1989 ) have suggested that mutual instruction may be more good as a little group intercession. In the initial mutual instruction survey, Palincsar and Brown ( 1984 ) employed a individual capable research design to look into the cause of mutual instruction with a little group of pupils. To day of the month several research workers have utilized individual capable designs to mensurate the effects of mutual learning with little groups of pupils in applied scenes.The Reading ProcedureCrowder and Wagner ( 1992 ) suggest reading may be a fuzzed construct ( p. 3 ) to understand it is a mingled procedure ( Sternberg, 2003 ) , A simpler position of the reading procedure was explained by Hoover and Gough ( 1990 ) . The research workers suggested that the reading procedure consisted of two constituents decryption and comprehension. To them, decrypting encompasses phonemic consciousness, phonics, and reading eloquence, while comprehension and vocabulary are thought of as one constituent. The simple construct of decrypting and comprehension was elaborated on by LaBerge and Samuels ( 1974 ) . From the position of cognitive psychological science, they proposed a theory of automaticity, which explained decrypting as a combination of reading velocity and truth. This eloquence in decrypting allows for cognitive resources to treat information expeditiously make intending from text ( Hashey & A Jimmy conorss, 2003 ) . Therefore, fluid readers have the ability and attending to grok what they read. Conversely, hapless decipherers, who lack eloquence, wil l utilize their available cognitive resources to decrypt alternatively of utilizing those resources to grok text to the full ( LaBerge & A Samuels, 1974 ) this deficiency of eloquence outputs superficial comprehension and spreads in apprehension.English Language LearnersThere is limited research conducted on the unwritten linguistic communication development in English Language Learners ( ELLs ) , such as vocabulary, grammatical signifier, and matter-of-fact forms. Therefore, restricting the apprehension of specific facets of ELLs unwritten linguistic communication development and, thus small empirical footing for be subsequentlying educational intercessions ( Genesse, Lindholm-Leary, Saunders & A Christian, 2006 ) . Latino pupils as a whole, including English proficient kids in the 2nd coevals and beyond, do significantly lower in reading than other pupils. However, the chance of geting an unknown word by the way through reading is merely approximately 15 % ( Swanborn & A de Glopper, 1999 ) . These pupils frequently exhibit more jobs with reading comprehension than make fluid talkers of English of comparable ability, because of differences in background cognition relevant to what is read in school and limited English linguistic communication proficiency ( Klingner & A Vaughn, 1996 ) .There are besides assorted positions on the benefits of mutual instruction. many a(prenominal) surveies suggests that ELLs can profit from mutual instruction because of improve comprehension for pupils who can decrypt but have trouble groking text ( Klingner & A Vaughn, 1996 ) and others recommend that vocabulary direction should take topographic point in order to increase pupil comprehension ( Genesse, Lindholm-Leary, Saunders & A Christian, 2006 ) . Prior mutual instruction research has examined the effects of teacher-facilitated scheme direction without analyzing how pupils apply schemes when the instructor is non present ( Klingner & A Vaughn, 1996 ) . This survey conducted by Klingner and Vaughn ( 1996 ) proved that that initial reading ability and unwritten linguistic communication proficiency seemed related to additions in comprehension, that a greater scope of pupils benefited from scheme direction than would hold been predicted on the footing of old research, and that pupils in both groups keep to demo betterment in comprehension when provided minimum grownup support.For those grounds, it is critical to understand the relationship of mutual instruction among ELLs. This will let instructors to outdo welcome the most effectual reading scheme to accomplish acquisition additions in reading comprehension. These patterns include expressed direction in nucleus reading competences after control for undertaking trouble through systematic staging, learning pupils separately or in little groups, patterning and learning schemes, learning when and where to use schemes, ongoing and systematic feedback, and ongoing advancement monitoring ( Miester & A Rosenshine, 1994 ) .

Character Sketch Example: Mirror Image

The story Mirror Image by Lena Coakley is about the character Alice trying to find her rightful(a) self in the midst of an identity crisis. The characters struggle was caused when she and her dad had an accident where she made it save her dad didnt. But the thing is, her form didnt quite make it too. So they had to do a brain transplant. Now Alice is considered as a new person by her sister but she is in denial with it. Her twin sister jennet is also quite upset and feels she is but a stranger to their home.Having a new body, she described her expression in the story. On her new body, she seems to be slim and more mature than her old body. It is come ond when she said there were no cellulites on her thighs which are fats erect in thighs and buttocks. Also, she said her body weighed much more than her old body meaning her new body is more mature . A nonher trait indicated in the story was she had clean and pretty face. On the story, Alice said that no one told her that she was u gly and her face never had zits on it. Lastly she had big brown eyes. In the hospital when shes in bed and got her body, when she looked into the mirror, she saw an unfamiliar face, her face with big brown eyes.Alice can be described as an adaptive person. She intentional to adapt to her new body and to her new friends, new environment. Alice is also a proud person. She keeps boasting about her new features compared to old body. Alice is also confident. Since she got her body replaced she dogged to join cheerleading. And she had the confidence that Alice and her family will get through this struggle of hers.In the story, the character focused on finding herself. Her motivation was to prove whats at heart that body of hers is the same Alice they know and used to be with. Evidence is that her sister wont let her read her diary for a reason that Jenny is no longer comfort satisfactory being with her and looks at her as a stranger to their house. Also, it is on the part where she tas ted the cake and her taste buds didnt like it. She wants to prove that the chocolate with mocha cream cake that her mother made for her was still her favourite cake even after the body change. Lastly, Alice wants to show that what Mr. Jarred saw and talked to was not her daughter Gail, but a different person, her accent, the way she walks and even when he looked into her eyes.If brain transplant were ever possible, anyone may be in a put like Alice where she had to go find her true self lost in the midst of an identity crisis. It may be hard but the character was able to adapt to her new body, following the consequences that her sister sees her as a stranger and unsure about her having a new body.

The Art of Akhenaten – Paper

The Art of Akhenaten A Formal Analysis of tin shut in and Akhenaten Making Offerings The Art of Akhenaten A Formal Analysis of House Shrine and Akhenaten Making Offerings One of the most enigmatic pharaohs of Egyptian history, Amenhotep IV, had grown up in the most powerful family in ancient Egypt. Once he became pharaoh and ruler of Egypts empire in 1378 BCE, he changed his name to Akhenaten, effective spirit of Aten, and was known to the raft as the heretic king.Early in his reign, Akhenaten encouraged ideas by using art as a way of emphasizing his political and religious intentions of doing things differently at that placefore, changing Egyptian society. This was true for the following reasons. Politically, when Akhenaten denounced the state deities, he altered the artistic style and technique of ancient Egypt, by the intimate settings and placements of him and his royal family. Religiously, the forced monotheistic religion was artistically stylized by having the new deity, Aten, as the main theme in his reliefs.These emphases were what came to be known as Amarna art, an erratic, sensual, new style of art that celebrated the vibrancy and movement of the real earthly concern during Akhenatens reign. Akhenatens famous two relief sculptures, House Shrine and Akhenaten Making Offerings, reflect the revolutionary changes in art and religion andtherefore of political science during the reign of this monotheistic pharaoh. Akhenaten and his family were the only royal family that was intimately described by the king as displaying love and devotion under the protection of Aten.In House Shrine (figure 1), the lime precious stone stele, depicts world power Akhenaten and his Holy Family starring his wife Queen Nefertiti and his two daughters. It was intended to be stored in a private room in the Amarna palace. The stele is adorn with an intimate scene showing the daily life of the Holy Family. The sculptors color choice of bright, yellow limestone background sh own in this art append complements the fair weather that shines coldcock on all the individuals. The use of fine lines emphasizes the sunbathe shining down on Akhenaten and his family.This sense of illumination by both the sun and indirectly by the family expresses that they are full of love and happiness. Often times bright colors are associated with love and happiness, such as this yellow limestone stele. The sunken relief technique is also used. As Janson explained in his text it was a popular technique amongst Egyptian art sculptures. In this technique, the sculptor cut subtle outlines into the stones face, and modeled the figures within the outlines, below the level of the background, rather than carving away the surface almost figures to allow them to emerge from the stone.Light shining onto the stones surface then cast shadows into the out-lines, animating the figures without compromising the solid planar appearance of the wall. In this art bite the sunken relief techn ique produces further emphasis of the sun above shining over them and creates shadows throughout the art firearm by the deep incisions of the curved lines a dour the back of King Akhenatens neck and Queen Nefertitis right shoulder tracing down her arm. In addition, there are deep incisions along the outline of his children, which give the shadows symbolism that presents the whole family as the focal point of the piece.However, the incisions along the children do not run as heavy as the ones on Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and the sun god. By using heavier incisions it gives the idea that these three figures are of greater importance. In conclusion, the choice of color gives the mood of the stele, the lines tell us the focal point and establishes the important figures. Overall, this piece is well put together. In the beginning of Akhenatens religious reform, the official state religion was still based on polytheism with Amun rising above some other deities throughout classic Egyptian art .During his third reign, Akhenaten started to build his own public temple, near the temple of Amun at Karnak. This first act as king brought with him a shocking speculation and hostility between his throne and the priesthood of Amun. Inside the temple was an entirely new style of art, which was often described, as naturalistic in Akhenatens portrayal of the human body. No longer was the Pharaoh portrayed as half animal with the perfect body fitted for the afterlife. Akhenaten and the royal family were shown with long toes, massive hips, extremely long fingers, skinny torso, ample breasts, big buttocks, and an elongated face.This exaggeration of the royal familys bodies altered classic Egyptian art and became better known as Amarna Art. some other astonishing act to this religious revolution was the Akhenatens order of the construction of a new capital, far to the north of Thebes known as Amarna, horizon of the sun, claiming the sun god lead him there. A few years after, Akhenaten m ade the decision to abandon Thebes and ordered his people to pack up and leave behind the metropolis built by his father to receive the blessings of Aten in the city of Amarna.Shortly thereafter, he abolished traditional gods and goddesses, declaring one monotheistic deity, Aten, and introduced in art as a much intimate worship in public and personal settings of the royal family, receiving blessings from Aten, and showing day to day life and activities. A classic example of the idea revolution of Egyptian state religion is found on the Royal Tomb in Amarna, Akhenaten Making Offerings (figure 2), depicting Akhenaten and his wife Queen Nefertiti carrying flowers to be laid on the table beneath the life-giving rays of the Aten with his two eldest daughters behind him praying and offering gifts.In Akhenatens hands are four flowers that represent his minor wives Merytaten, Kiya, Mekytaten, and Ankhesenpaaten. What made this piece so alarming to the Egyptians is the misshapen facial st ructure and body style of Akhenaten and the royal family, and the worshipping of a single god. Starting at the top of Akhenaten Making Offerings there isa subtle linear band going across the fragment, which is a hieroglyphic for gear. The open space with the round geometric shape in the sky symbolizes the royal family is open to worship.King Akhenaten, standing in front of Queen Nefertiti, bathing in the rays of the Aten, could symbolize that he was the solo priest of his monotheistic religion. As bestower and sustainer of life, Atens rays of light form a radial path that begins from the sun and, ifone looks closely, hell notice the rays of light end in hands holding ankhs, the hieroglyph for life. This characteristic is often repeated in Akhenatens art pieces, including the House Shrine. The outline of the rays forms a triangular pyramid. In ancient times pyramids were built as a guise to protect the deceased pharaohs as they traveled to the afterlife.Similar to the House Shrine , the sunken relief technique is used to covey the importance of the figures. The heavy incisions around Aten, behind the Pharaoh and his wife, emphasize them as the main focal point of the art piece and the importance of their religious standing with Aten. The dark underline around Aten creates a dark shadow symbolizing his great power as the monotheistic deity. The curved lines behind Akhenaten and his family could symbolize a shadow effect since Aten is placed in front of the family and the lines around the front side of the figures are a lot finer.The shocking effect this piece had on the Egyptians was King Akhenatens way of stating his radical vision of breaking Egyptian tradition. Furthermore, King Akhenatens abandonment of the traditional gods and roles of kingship also took a toll on Egypts political status seen in his art by worshipping Aten. Tucked inside his newly construed city, obsessed with his monotheistic religion, he spent little to no time on his foreign personal matters and more time posing with his family for the sculptor.The military pleaded for support against enemy attacks, but King Akhenaten was distracted with building more temples of Aten so that he and his family would always be protected. This was depicted in his art by showing Aten placing the sunrays over his family as a symbol of protection. In the backlash that followed during the end of his reign, the people and the kingship referred to him as the groovy Criminal. And in the events following his death, the misshapen face and body feature of Akhenaten and his family were rubbed and broken off.Amarna art was desecrated and traditional Egyptian art was reinstated. His capital was destroyed, the people returned to Thebes, and after awhile his image was abandoned, and the heretic king was forgotten. In conclusion, three thousand years ago, in the short time of the Amarna period, Akhenaten turned Egypt upside down by breaking classical Egyptian art tradition and announcing a new de ity. During that time, capitals were moved, religious ideas developed and flourished, foreign affairs depleted, and artistic changes took place in art within the walls of the court.

Botticelli-Saville Comparitive Art Essay

The image of the nude person is timeless, fundamental and universal. It has the ability to incite intense interest, yearning and even repulsion in the viewer. We often husking that images of the nude reflect upon rescripts attitudes towards beauty and gender publishings. These issues are strongly highlighted in Jenny Savilles nakedly confrontational Propped, which encom losses of a cruel naked woman sitting on a stool. Her artwork forces the viewer to think of the distaff nude as not only an object, but in like manner as a subject. Botticellis stimulate of genus Venus also addresses the issues of beauty and gender.In the artwork, Venus appears to be emerging from the sea, standing in a shell. symbolise fe antheral desirability, the Early Renaissance painting is in accordance to the myth of her birth as a fully grown woman. The shape and form in Propped is clearly drastically distorted. Saville has used foreshortening as a way to emphasise the weight and size of the figures b ody, most noticeably the minor(ip) scale of the head, which tangs incredibly small in contrast to the rest of the figure. Foreshortening and tone help to create a distinctive look of the figures legs and knees.There are various patches of light tones included crossways the chest area and knees, and the extreme distortion make fors them look vast and almost bruised. There is limited colour used in the painting, mainly very born(p) pigments such as white, cream and light pink. Black has been used for the stool in the centre of the image, and coffee and olive colours can be seen in the background. There is also a text that can be seen scratched into the paint in mirror writing, running across and down the figures body which reads If we continue to verbalise in this sameness speak as men have spoken for centuries, we will fail each other again.Saville has painted the artwork to make a point to make the viewer realise that fat is a feminist issue. The angle of view in the artwork is low, and the observer is made to look up at the figure. In Birth of Venus, Botticelli has used light, soothing colours throughout all aspects of the painting, including highlights added into Venus hair to possibly emphasise the femininity of her body. classifiable linear style and brushstrokes have been used to ensure detail in the tones and textures of the painting. Botticelli was known for including the linear style into his artworks, a style that was revived in the lately 19th century.The composition of the painting is impartially balanced. The artist has placed the figures in the artwork off to separate sides with Venus centred as the focal point. The weight and poses of the figures all side of Venus create symmetrical balance. The figure of Venus is slightly distorted. Botticelli has exaggerated the length of the neck and slope of the shoulders to enrich Venus natural civilization and grace. Flowing lines and decorative patterns can be seen throughout the artwork, most no ticeably in the waves and leaves on the tree towards the right of the painting.Propped has the same effect as a striking photograph that it is purposely intended to unsettle its viewer. It is a significant artwork in todays society as it raises contemporary concerns somewhat expectations of beauty in the female body. Unlike Birth of Venus, Propped presents us with the vibe that the observer is not necessarily male. Feminists have praised Saville for her work and her interpretation of the female nude, noting that she has repossess the image of women liberating it from the diminishing male gaze.Botticelli owes his inspiration for Birth of Venus to the classical ideals of ancient Greek art. At the time of its creation, almost all art was of a Christian makeup. Nude women often symbolised sinful lust, however Venus remained to appear modest, attempting to hide her breasts with her hands and crotch area with her long, blonde, flowing hair. Venus strongly delineate an Italian Renaissan ce ideal blonde, pale-skinned voluptuous. Ideal female body figures continue to be a topic of discussion in our society today, as it was at the time Birth of Venus was produced.Both artists have used the female nude as a way to represent issues about expectations of beauty in the female body in different ways. Botticelli has depicted Venus, the pagan goddess of love, and the forerunner of spring. He has presented her as an ideal female figure for his time, consequently making her a symbol for female desirability. Jenny Saville, on the other hand, has dramatically cropped and foreshortened the female figure in her artwork in an attempt to emphasise the bodys physical bulk, creating a less than ideal female figure for contemporary society.Propped contains a strong cultural meaning, as do many of Savilles works. Susie McKenzie speaks of her artworks in an interview with Saville in the Guardian on October 22nd 2005, stating that Her exaggerated nudes point up, with an agonizing franknes s, the disparity between the way women are perceived and the way that they tone of voice about their bodies. Saville has clearly represented the female nude in a way that may confront todays society, daring her viewers to pass judgement on the figure in her artwork.Birth of Venus challenges the culture of Botticellis time, as it was a mythological painting, quite an than relating to a religious theme as most art of that era did. Both artworks in question are figurative paintings of female nudes. Birth of Venus exists to represent the female nude as a symbol of desirability in women, as well as an icon of beauty and pleasure. Savilles Propped raises questions on the appearance and role of conventional paintings of the nude, such as Birth of Venus. Both artists gained inspiration from a variety of sources, all diverse from one another.Botticelli created Birth of Venus downstairs the influences from classical ideals of ancient Greece and Rome, as well as classical sculptures he wo uld have seen belonging to the Medici family, a client of his own. Saville spent time quenching her fascination with the body, particularly female flesh, by spending many hours watching plastic surgeons manipulate flesh. Gender issues are a strong concept in both works. A male aftermath Propped will generally react negatively to the female figure in contrast to the way they might perceive Birth of Venus.Because Birth of Venus is such a strong symbol of female desirability, a male viewer will usually prefer looking at Venus rather than the heavy-handed nude figure in Propped. Women will more commonly be able to relate to the figure in Propped than Birth of Venus as it centres on issues of expectations of beauty and the way a female may feel about her body, whereas some women could be intimidated by the ambiance of Venus. Both Propped and Birth of Venus are of immense scale. Birth of Venus was painted to fit an architectural setting.At the time of its production, Botticelli intended for the observers of his artwork to view the subject matter, Venus, as an earthly goddess who stimulated humans to physical love, or as a heavenly goddess who enthused intellectual love in them. The interpretation of todays society will differ, due to the lack of knowledge of mythological and ancient Greek themes. It has been suggested that viewers of our time will look at the painting and feel their minds scarcely lifted to the realm of divine love.Savilles work has been made to be presented in galleries and exhibitions. The scale of her work (213. x 183cm) is used to overwhelm the viewer, and demands an uncomfortable detail of intimacy between the gaze of the nude figure and the observer. Her purpose of creating the artwork was to raise questions about the expectations of beauty in todays society. We are under the impression that the viewer of this type of artwork is generally female, and Saville wants her female observers to pass judgement of the figures enormous shape and size . Propped challenges the ideal view of women, as it depicts a level-headed female nude figure rather than a slim one, which is usually preferred in current society.Birth of Venus, however, provokes themes of beauty and lust, ideal to men and perhaps most other viewers. It is important to keep in mind that both artworks have been painted by different genders. Saville raises concerns about the representation of the female nude, which could be connected to the fact that she relates to the figure as a woman, and possibly faces the pressures of the anticipation and desire for beauty in her own life. Botticelli represents both beauty and pleasure in the symbolical Birth of Venus.It is an important painting not only for the Renaissance, but for our society also. This may be because Venus characterized the idealistic figure of a woman, an issue that is consistently apparent in everyday life for not only women, but also men. Women may feel intimidated or disconcerted when viewing Venus as they could feel personally uncomfortable with their own figure. Its main intention is to bring pleasure to the male eye. In brief, both artworks continue to shimmer a significant role in society today because of these intentions, gender issues and representation of the female nude.

What is succession planning?

Succession planning bear be considered a companys passport to ensuring its sustainability and job continuity. Organisations, big or small, abide their competent and hardworking people as their backbone. Without them, their success will not be possible even if they put in a lot of investment in high technology and advanced machineries. Its one thing, though, to mother a pool of qualified and high-potential endowment fund its another thing to ensure that they are in the right scenes to maximise their talents and sustain their motivation.The problem comes in when an employee who is currently occupying a critical hold out becomes un able to perform his or her duties for whatever reason. The company must then be able to identify a key talent from within the validation who can fill up the void, and this is where succession planning comes into play. Succession planning is an exercise that companies do to ascertain that they have strong, experienced and knowledgeable senior managers who can serve as mentors to promising junior officers who can (and will one day) take on more critical roles and hopefully lead the company to greater success.Succession planning is roughly making sure that there is a qualified and competent manager who can assume greater responsibilities as the occupy arises and at any stipulation time. Like in any sports team, the coach relies on a deep bench of second team members to re role a starter player when necessary. In addition, succession planning is anchored on the companys strategic goals.For instance, if the company decides to expand its business beyond its current go area, top management needs to identify qualified talents who can occupy new posts as a result of a new deal shut or replace senior managers in the parent company who will be seconded to the subsidiary. This agent that top management must constantly be on the lookout for possible changes within the organisation and quickly identify the manpower implications of these developments. Organisations that have successfully institutionalised succession planning in their organisation have integrated it into their day-to-day business operations.Succession planning is a continuous activity and not just a periodic thing. Key Elements of Succession provision The first step to a successful succession planning is having a comprehensive and effective talent mapping and assessment system. Here, the company needs to position the skills set and competencies required for a particular rank and / or function in order to evaluate if all its employees are placed in the position that is most suited for them. Moreover, the company should be able to identify and provide development opportunities and growth areas for each key employee.Furthermore, the company should classify an employee as a high-potential talent, average out performer or one that is unreliable and unmotivated. This is to irritate sure that the company allots more time and resources to develop the ri ght people for the job. This means that a high-potential talent will be given more training and development programs and will be exposed to more growth opportunities compared with an average performer. Another key element in succession planning is to ensure that there is a regular performance evaluation system in place especially for key and emerging talents in the organisation.For most companies, this is done annually for some semi-annually or even quarterly. Whatever the case is, the company should set clear, quantifiable, mensurable and realistic targets against which an employee will be evaluated. Through this, top management will be able to see who among their employees are performing well against their deliverables. If there is a nonperforming employee, the company should produce out the underlying cause for this because it might be a case of mismatch between the employees skills set and the role that he or she is being asked to perform.The company then should be quick to rec tify this problem by moving that employee to a more appropriate position for him and find a more suitable talent who can take his or her place. Companies should also establish a mentoring mechanism and encourage their senior managers to always have an understudy who they think can assume their roles in the future. This understudy or apprentice will shadow the senior manager and help him or her perform critical tasks to develop the needed leadership and management skills.Moreover, companies should foster a working environment where there is flow of information from senior to junior managers and vice-versa. endowment fund retention is also an important element in succession planning. Companies should invest in making their employees happy and satisfied by providing financial (e. g. rewards and incentives) and non-financial gifts (e. g. employee recognition programs, right healthcare plan, training and development programs, safe and healthy working environment, etc. ).This, then, all ows more time for seasoned managers to transfer their knowledge and share their experience to their young colleagues so that when the time comes, junior officers can step up to the challenge. Benefits of Effective Succession Planning An effective succession planning can bring about benefits both to the company and the employees. First, the company can be assured of a stable business anchored on a strong senior management team and an equally-reliable pool of second stringers composed of trained and groomed junior employees.This, in turn, will make investors and shareholders more confident about the future of the company, which hopefully leads to change magnitude shareholder value. On the part of the customers, they will also be assured that their service provider is in good hands and will be able to cater to their long-term needs. Moreover, good succession planning will save the company time and money in externally sourcing the talent who can shell fill in the vacant position. Ext ernal talents, no matter how brilliant they are, need ample time to understand the business and blend with the organisation.In the same manner, employees will benefit from an effective succession planning system as this will meet their career development requirements and make their existing and future roles clearer. high-energy employees will also appreciate the companys taking notice of them and providing them with more top-level training and development programs. They will surely feel that they are given importance to by the company. Finally, succession planning gives employees a sense of stability, knowing that they have a long-term career path with the company. This, in turn, will make the employees more motivated, optimistic and forward-looking.

Is Bollywood Shining in Asia

Is Bollywood sparkle in Asia? Introduction As Smith, a columnist for Articlemyriad, mentioned, Far from being mere entertainment, though, the Bollywood celluloids represent a powerful means of self- and community expression which Indians ar using to define themselves in front of the backup of the world, (Smith) Exploring the Bollywood characterization and its emergency in Asia is an effective way to key whether India has many common culture elements with separate(a) Asian countries and whether they argon integrating under the impulsion of culture.Dudrah (2006) mentioned in his book Bollywood Sociology Goes to the Movies, Bollywood, the moniker for normal Hindi cinema from Mumbai, India, has become an spellant catchword in the vocabulary of global randomness Asian popular culture. (Dudrah, 2006) It demonstrates that Indian culture dominates in S forbiddenh Asia. However, with the triumph Three Idiots achieved in Asia, some people began to fence the situation of Bollywo od in Asia. Bollywood is a authoritative buzz word at the moment, said Vinay Virmani, writer and role player of Breakaway, in an interview, I think thats because Bollywood has been able to translate beyond the whole south Asian community. (Mahmood & Mitra, 2011)This faith is true nevertheless maybe too simple as he honourable considered about the popularity. The vista I want to argue in this paper is that although Bollywood impressions become popular in Asia, the commercial moolah they gained is still exceptional.Maybe Three Idiots, the most successful Bollywood movie in recent socio-economic classs, is the best representative of Bollywood movies which are facing such an embarrassing situation. Have you seen the Three Idiots second time? It may be the showtime reaction when Hong Kong people talked about this famous Indian movie. It is amazing that a Bollywood movie gained such colossal success in Hong Kong. In fact, Three Idiots has run for 13 cal remainderar weeks si nce it was released in Hong Kong in September, 2011. It broke the ecstasy that Normally, a Bollywood have in China and Hong Kong would run in select multiplexes for 1 to 2 weeks. (3 Idiots Rocks in China & Hong Kong, 2011)Although it gained high praise in Hong Kong and some other Asia countries, the box-office contri yeted by Asian countries was still limited. According to the statistics from quoin Office Mojo, 60. 8% box-office of Three Idiots came from India (3 IDIOTS box office, 2011) and it was released in only six other Asia countries (or areas), which are Hong Kong, Malaysia, South Korea, Singapore, Indonesia and Taiwan. (3 Idiots) Why Bollywood becomes popular in Asia ) Thanks to Slumdog Millionaire Slumdog Millionaire tells a story happened in Indian slums. It is made by Hollywood nevertheless full of Bollywood characters, which made many auditory senses mistake it for a Bollywood movie. As it won the take prize at the Academy Awards and eight Oscars in total includin g best director and best picture, (The Oscars 2009, 2009) it appealed to more auditory senses, especially Asians, who regard the Academy Prize as the highest honor of a movie. It took $2,280,068 in its first week in China and $930,097 in Hong Kong. SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE-box office, 2009) With the influence of Slumdog Millionaire, people would wish well to see Bollywood movies with huge interest and curiousness. Bollywood movie become a hit to Asian audiences. 2) A mirror of the issues faced by Asia It is obvious to see the changes in Bollywood movies when comparing those new successful movies with the old ones. The traditional stories about revenge or the venerate between a liberal woman and a penniless man have already been out of date. New Bollywood movies focus more on the modern issues faced by many other Asian countries as well.The issues always mentioned are never leaving ethnic and religious conflicts, gap between the rich and poor and education. For instance, the Three Id iots mentioned before exposed the education problems existing in many Asian countries. The consume is about three students who do not fit the traditional and inflexible education method in Indian Institutes of Technology and are considered as idiots by professors. However, the movie clearly shows who the three real idiots are the educational system, the teachers and the parents, Sudhakar RAM said. Ram, 2010) The performance-oriented system, faculty-led pedagogy and arbitrary parents criticized in this movie exist not only in India, but also other Asian states. In South Korea, academic achievements are regarded as the crucial factor for social success. Only the students rifleting into prestigious universities can guarantee their social success, while students with other abilities are unrecognized. (Suicide Figures delegate to Failure of Education System, 2011) The same phenomena existed in Mainland China. In order to enter a famous university, students pursue higher exam marks r ather than knowledge. Teaching methodology basically consists of force-feeding rich amounts of required information directly out of textbooks (often teachers will simply read directly from the text) and students are discouraged from asking questions, particularly if those questions challenge ideology or anything regarded as factual. (Middle Kingdom Life) As this movies shows the familiar and real problems to Asian audience, people are able to understand the movie better and easily accept it, just as Zoher Abdoolcarim said, They laughed when they were meant to and didnt when they werent. (Abdoolcarim, 2011) In addition, Asia, as a growing power, is eager to get the approval from the world. India, with fast information in economy, has more aspiration and shows it by movies. There is a popular Bollywood movie among Asian audience called My Name Is Khan. It tells a story about how a Muslim man called Khan, in order to get forgiveness from his wife, overcame many difficulties to tell American President that his name had no relationship with terrorists. Although it seems like a love movie, what it shows indeed is the questions of religious and national identity. My Name is Khan Movie Review, 2010) Asian states, like the Muslim, undergo untold hardships to develop, hoping to get the approval from the world. The emotion and spritnational identifyingexpressed in Bollywood movies reflect the psychology of Asia and fit the taste of Asians. 3) The attracting modern medicament Dance and songs are the symbols of Bollywood movies. A Bollywood movie is incomplete without songs and jump in it. (Role of dance Choreographer in Bollywood movie songs, 2011) However, young people in Asia seem not elicit in the traditional dance and songs in Bollywood movies.Therefore, the Bollywood music changed among with the transformation in movies. It mixed the traditional songs with westward elements to produce a new style that appeals international audience, of course, including As ians, rather than the pure classical Indian music that appeals to Indians only. Campus songs which never appeared now become popular in Bollywood movies. Aal Izz Well in Three Idiots has oodles of youth feeling, which brings audience back to their college days. 4) With the help of InternetAlthough playing full-length movie on internet is illegal in some countries, there are no strict restrictions in some Asia countries, like China, which provides audience a relegate to watch Bollywood movies through internet. Three Idiots, for example, will be released in December, 2011 in Mainland China. However, the discussion of this movie in Internet lasted for a long time and it even got 8. 9 marks by 19,096 people patsy in the Mtime, a websites regarded as Chinese IMDB. Three Idiots) This phenomenon benefits from the Chinese video-sharing websites, such as Tudou and Youku. In fact, this movie was contend up to 1,824,335 times only in Tudou (Three Idiots). The same is Devads, which is marked 8. 4 in Mtime (Devdas) and played 279,469 times in Tudou. (Devdas) The force of internet cannot be overlooked in popularizing Bollywood movies. Why Bollywood movies have a little acquire? As the statistics from Box Office Mojo show, most Bollywood movies are released in four other Asia areas mainly Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong.Although Bollywood movies have satisfied box-offices in these areas, the profit they gained in other Asian areas was still low compared to domestic market. The reason may be that Bollywood movies dont squeeze into the 2 main markets in AsiaChina and Japan because of the strict movie importing restrictions. China has strict import restrictions that limit the number of foreign blockbusters to 20 per year. Film imports are still controlled by the state-owned China Film Group. (Lee, 2011) And in Japan, the situation is even worse. But selecting films for release in Japan is not easy. , said Aki Sugihara, superior general manager at licensing a nd acquisition department of Nikkatsu Corp, The rights for 3 Idiots had been sold to every Asian country shut Japan. (IANS, 2011) The closing of the two main Asian movie markets makes the profit Bollywood movies gain limit in Asia. aptness 1) The wall will come down With the globalization, the trade wall is decreasing, including the movie import policies. Taiwan is a case in point, who revised the Motion Picture lawdropping its film import restrictionsto bear on WTO demand in 2001.Many Bollywood movies, which are not released in Mainland China and Hong Kong, can be found on Taiwan screens, like Om Shanti Om and Taare Zameen Par. Taiwan is just a start as its policy influences other countries. The success of Three Idiots in Taiwan spirited South Korea to release it, according to a Korean manufacturing office. (Bhat, 2011) The prospect in Mainland China is also bright. Thanks to the efforts of Indias Ministry of External Affairs, India got a quota of four out of the 20 imported m ovies per year. Baru, 2010)Whats more, as the deadline given by the World Trade Organization when China end its movie import restrictions is 19 March 2011, China is expected to raise the import quota to 30 films this year and a little more each year subsequently. (Jaffe, 2011) It is inspiring news for not only Bollywood but also the world, which can also be regarded as a symbol that the free and open movie market is a tendency in such a global world. 2) The cooperation can be realized Bollywood is exporting its movies to more countries by cooperating with foreign companies to produce movies.My Name is Khan, a Bollywood movie produced and marketed by frustrate Star Studios, gained $38,326,589 in oversea market. (My Name Is Khan) It pointed out a new way for Bollywood to gain profit in Asia, which is cooperating with Asian companies. In fact, the Chinese governments official film production company has cooperated with Bollywood to make a movie called Gold Struck. Since the film is b eing supported by China-based production companies, it will not be considered a foreign import and will fall outside the censorship restrictions that have impeded Bollywoods door into the China market, Cindy Shyu, CEO of Lighthouse Productions said. Krishnan, 2010) Also Aki Sugihara from Japan mentioned, If our co-production expands, there will be a get hold of getting into co-production with Indian films. (IANS, 2011) By cooperation, Bollywood may knock at the door of China and Japan, and enter into these two huge Asian markets step by step. Conclusion Bollywood, which used to be regarded as a grind of dances and songs, is no longer what it was. In a global world, Bollywood is also expanding its influence power to Asia, even to the world. outlet by the success of Slumdog Millionaire, Bollywood began to export its movies with a new image.It changes the style of dance and songs and pays more attention to the circumscribe of movies, which expose the same issues Asians face and i nspire emotional resonance. In addition, the internet popularizing also promotes the spread of Bollywood movies. However, Bollywood has fame but little profit in Asia because of the strict restrictions, especially in China and Japan. In another word, Bollywoods emergence has already beyond South Asia but the true commercial success is still limited to domestic market.Although it seems that Bollywood has loss in Asia in terms of commerce from current movie market state, we cannot deny that Bollywood movies have potential to win because of the falling-down restrictions and the tiny cooperation with Asian movie companies. Bollywood is not shining in Asia now, but the time for it to shine is not far away. Reference SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE-box office. (2009, 12 20). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from Box Office Mojo http//boxofficemojo. com/movies/? rogue=intl&id=slumdogmillionaire. htm The Oscars 2009. (2009, 2 23). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from BBC http//news. bc. co. uk/2/hi/entertainment/oscars/7 904567. stm My Name is Khan Movie Review. (2010, 2 11). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from BollywoodWorld. com http//www. bollywoodworld. com/movie-reviews/my-name-is-khan-movie-review-18299. html 3 IDIOTS box office. (2011, 11). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from Box Office Mojo http//boxofficemojo. com/movies/? page=intl&id=3idiots. htm 3 Idiots Rocks in China & Hong Kong. (2011). Retrieved from MovieMantra. com http//moviemantra. com/telugu/2011/3-idiots-rocking-china-hong-kong/ Role of dance Choreographer in Bollywood movie songs. 2011, 5 13). Retrieved 12 2, 2011, from Enrichyou http//www. enrichyou. info/role-of-dance-choreographer-in-bollywood-movie-songs/ Suicide Figures Point to Failure of Education System. (2011, 8 13). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from The Chosunilbo http//english. chosun. com/site/data/html_dir/2011/08/13/2011081300334. html 3 Idiots. (n. d. ). Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from IMDB http//www. imdb. com/title/tt1187043/releaseinfo Abdoolcarim, Z. (2011, 11 10). The ChIndian Century. Retrieved 12 1, 2011, from TIMESpecials

Employment Law: Equal Pay for women in the workplace

Research QuestionHas the compare Act 2010 improved the way women are case-hardened within the workplace with respect to touch on buckle under?Hypothesis StatementThe pre-existing struggles that women have been set about with in regards to equal pay have not been addressed by the recent reforms within this area. This is because, although the Equality Act 2010 was welcomed as a vehicle for the radical reform of equal pay, women are still treated less favourable than men. Accordingly, the problems that arose from the Equal Pay Act 1970 are still in existence and so further reform is needed if inequation is to be eradicated.Case fairness Abdulla and others v Birmingham City Council 2013 1 All ER 649Allen v GMB 2008 EWCA Civ 810Bates van Winkelhof v Clyde & Co LLP and another 2013 1 All ER 844Blackburn v West Midlands Police 2008 All ER (D) 50 (Nov)Defrenne v Sabena (No 2) Case C-t3/75 1976 ECR 455Eaton Ltd v Nuttall 1977 ICR 272Enderby v Frenchay Health Authority Case Case C-127/9 2 1993 ECR I 5535Redcar & Cleveland BC v Bainbridge Surtees v Middlesbrough BC 2008 All ER (D) 386 (Jul)Ideas for Methodology ApproachIn undertaking the research for this study, both a quantitative and qualitative approach will be undertaken so that a comprehensive analysis evoke be made. Both primary and secondary research will therefore be adopted by looking at various academic opinions, relevant legal rules, theories and principles. This will be done by accessing text books, journal articles, online legal databases and governmental reports. These can be accessed by undertaking a program library search as well online databases such as Lexis Nexis and Westlaw.Reference to Relevant Legal Theory and hearty Policy ImplicationsThe rights of women and men to receive equal pay has been subject to continuous debate for some conviction and the fact that women are still being discriminated against in the workplace suggests that the law cannot effect genuine equality (Smart, 1989, p. 3) . This has serious social policy implications since it is made clear under s. 11 of the 2010 Act that discrimination on the grounds of a persons sex is a protected characteristic and is therefore prohibited. word 14 of the European Convention of Human Rights 1951, as incorporated by the Human Rights Act 1998, besides protects women from being discriminated against within the workplace. Nevertheless, the fact that many organisations fail to treat men and women the same when it comes to equal pay suggests that the law is unable to protect women from discriminatory treatment within the workplace. As put by Rhode (1990, p. 617) grammatical gender equality cannot be obtained under existing ideological institutional structures. This causes legal implications in respect of equal pay and fails to allow equality for all to be attained (Wacks, 2012, p. 305).Relevant Books, Journals and Reports Baker, N. The Equality Act 2010. phoner Secretarys Review, Tolleys Practical Business Fortnightly for Companies. 34 CSR 13, 102, go forth 13, (2010).Bamforth, N. Malik, M. and Cinneide, O. Discrimination Law Theory and Context, Text and Materials, Sweet & Maxwell Ltd, 1st Edition, (2008).Connolly, M. Discrimination Law Victimisation, industrial Law Journal, ILJ 2002 31 (156) (2), Issue 2, (01 June, 2002).European Industrial Relations Review. Report on Gender Pay Gap, 388 European Industrial Relations Review 28, (2006).Equality and Human Rights Commission,.Equal Pay Creating a Fairer Britain, (2010), available from accessed 06 May, 2013.Pigott, C. Employment A Step salmagundi for Equality, New Law Journal, 160 NLJ 749, Issue 7419, (28 May, 2010).Pigott, C. Employment Justifying Unequal Pay, New Law Journal, 159 NLJ 55, Issue 7352, (16 January, 2009).Wilson, D. playing Fair, Pay & Benefits, 38. Issue 7, (2010). Rowbottom, D. Re-Inventing the Collective Approach to Equal Pay, 155 New Law Journal 1701. Issue 7200, (2005).Smart, C. (1989) Feminism and the Power of the Law, Londo n, Routledge.Smith, I. and Baker, A. Smith & Woods Employment Law. OUP Oxford. 10th Edition, (2010).TUC. The Union Makes Us difficult TUC History Online available from accessed 05 May, 2013.Wacks, R., (2012) Understanding Jurisprudence An Introduction to Legal Theory, OUP Oxford, 3rd Edition.

Movie Essay on Cool Hand Luke

Individuals who tend to change their ideas and perspectives in relation to the early(a)s tend to show or emit adjustity. On the contrary, non-conformity would be the tendency of the individualists to keep their belief system and point of views take down in the social movement of others. This 1967 movie, which began by flashing the word violation in the screen, illustrates or describes how the life of a free-spirited vagabond named Lucas Luke capital of Mississippi stirs up the lives of others in a struggle of conformity and non-conformity in reaching an ultimate freedom.From the very branch of the movie, the audience is already presented with non-conformity and disobedience to the law or dominance. The character, Luke, was first introduced in the movie by berth the heads off parking meters. He was obviously drunk and his actions are against the law, and thus were brought to court where he was asked to contain his side. According to the findings of Flloyd Allports studies, co nformers usually do non make extreme judgments whenever they are in the battlefront of others.On the other hand, since Luke was a non-conformer, he does not deviate from his own beliefs, but rather deviates from the society. alternatively of defending his self, his strong spirit remained and he told the court that he was just trying to settle up some old scores. It may suggest that he had previous problems or violations regarding parking rules, horizon thither were no clues given about it. His deviance irritated those in strength and caused him to be thrown in Florida prison, receiving a punishment which does not fit his crime. In the prison, he becomes part of a chain gang, and his individual life becomes entangled with the other inmates lives.People who are sent to prison usually tends to conform to the authority who keep ups the order, however, Luke who had been a non-conformer charge before being sent to the prison does not. He equable continues to throw cheerful comment s and all-around bravado against the authority in the prison. He always finds something wrong in the prison system and boldly states this with cheerful remarks. This type of non-conformity is opposite to the type of conformity called the normative exploit.Instead of being afraid of disapproval by conforming to the expectations of the other inmates in the prison, Luke does not conform to their expectations. He gets the approval of the other inmates by continuing his non-conforming personality and by exceeding the expectations of his inmates. A prospect in the movie shows how he raised a bet to eat 50 boiled nut in one hour, resulting to an applause or raised fame inside the prison. His deviance and stubbornness even became more evident when he fought a boxing match with other prisoner named Dragline. He was beaten and get the better of by Dragline in the match.However, he persists on not giving up and time-tested to stand up everytime he falls down. The match only ended when D ragline walked away from it. such actions, stubbornness and non-conformity led to the increment of conformity among other prisoners towards him. Moreover, Luke shared his experience of being a buck private during his entire attend to the military when he first entered the Florida prison. He received several medals that recognize his bravery, courage and may even show his humanitarian side, while in the service.These medals did not only show his performance as a private but also gave proof of his deviance to authority. It stool be thought that he does not receive any promotion or his performance is not seen by his superiors because he was having a stiff time in obeying authority. On the other hand, it may also suggest that he receives promotion later receiving the medals, but gets demoted afterwards because of his non-conforming personality. The other prisoners used what they know of Luke as a standard of someone they can idolize. In addition to this, Lukes individuality as com pared to the others and his relative status in comparison with classify stands out, proving that he may be someone who can be admired.Luke becomes well known in the minds of the prisoners and the authority alike by escaping several times from prison. In one of his escapes which actually took a very enormous time, Luke sends a magazine to his inmates or other prisoners containing a photograph. The photograph shows Luke together with two beautiful women and because of this, the inmates mat thrilled and their expectations or admiration towards Luke increased. His status in relation to the others prisoners was raised because of his competence and cunning discussion as proved by his escapes.On the other hand, he was later on caught and because he was already notorious, the prison authorities already marked him and he was beaten severely. In one of the scenes, Lucas Jackson was even placed in the box to prevent him from trying to escape during the death of his mother. The authorities thought that Luke competency use the death of his mother as an alibi to escape again, and the authorities do not unavoidableness this to happen. They even give harder or heavier punishments to Luke as compared to the other inmates until at last, Lukes spirit was shattered and he conforms to the authority.The veneration which the other prisoners had towards look was lost as the deviant spirit of Luke was shattered. He was treated with finis care by his fellow inmates after he was severely beaten because of their admiration of his greatness, as proved by the picture he has sent them. However, Luke was already delirious because of the pain he had suffered and admits to the other prisoners that it was solely a fake. He even added that it cost him a lot to pay for it.By the time that Luke had recovered(p) from his injuries, the admiration which the other prisoners had already has a crack on it and the movie shows how they kept their distance from Luke. They in some way do not conc eptualize his admission and persuaded their selves to believe falsely of his greatness. They do not want to believe the harsh reality of an individual who is being pursued by the authority. This result to a real enforcement draw which somehow tells a false compliance of the prisoners to the myth they created about Luke and a false reinforcement (Centola et.al. p.1036).The punishment which was given to him by the authorities, of digging a large hole, filling and digging it up again, further decreased his fame and eventually led to a struggle to death. The prisoners felt shame everytime they were to look at Luke. Luke, who wanted to maintain the approval of his inmates and wanting a rest for his body, conformed to the authority after he collapsed from exhaustion. He was seen by the prisoners plead for mercy from the Boss or the head of the prison authority.He wanted them to stop from beating him. Such conformity finally destroyed the admiration which he gained through his deviant a ttitude or carriage before. His conformity to the authority led to the non-conformity of the prisoners towards Luke. A scene in the movie shows a prisoner red up the picture of Luke together with the two beautiful ladies. When Luke collapsed, he was no longer helped by the other prisoners and he had a hard time going to his own bed.Finally, everyone deserted him and he was again alone. Nonetheless, he mustered his strength and spirit to once again escape from prison. He was successful and this even resulted to the escape of another prisoner, Dragline. The last scenes movie took place in a church where Luke went in to resort to God. The authority, especially Dragline, tried to bring him back.However, despite the stress which was given by his current condition, he maintains his independence by disobeying and plaguy the captain (Asch, p.569). The authorities disgusted with his actions, announce that it was a failure of communication and shot him to death. After his death, Dragline i mmortalized Luke by telling his legend and his blissful escapes to the other prisoners Luke becoming an embodiment of the prisoners rebellious desires.If Luke had contumacious to return, then he would be defeated and become like the other prisoners who would need to conform to the authority in order to stay alive. However, his non-conformity led to the continuation of Luke the hero and to an ultimate, personal freedom. Lukes death supports the thought or concept that an individual will not be able to win against the system and understandably shows the violation of the human spirit.ReferencesAsch, S. E. Effects of Group Pressure Upon the Modification and Distortion of Judgments. Journal of Soc. Psychology.Centola, D., Willer, R., & Macy, M. The Emperors Dillema A computational Model of Self-Enforcing Norms. American Journal of Sociology.Pearce, D. (November 1, 1967). Cool Hand Luke. New York Warner Bros.